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Unfrankable Distributions from Share Capital Account: A distribution is unfrankable if it is sourced, directly or indirectly, from a company’s share capital account. 3 This applies to distributions that constitute a reduction or return of share capital, even if labelled as a dividend. 4 The definition of a share capital account includes an account a company keeps of its share capital, or any other account where the first amount credited was share capital. 5 Therefore, any portion of a selective buyback that is a return of share capital cannot be franked.
Benchmark Franking Percentage: A corporate tax entity franks a distribution by allocating a franking credit to it. 6 The benchmark franking percentage is a key concept in determining the maximum franking without penalty. If an entity franks a frankable distribution at a percentage that exceeds its benchmark franking percentage for the franking period, it is liable to pay over-franking tax. 7 This effectively sets the benchmark franking percentage as the maximum franking allowed without incurring a penalty.
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If a trustee has a power to change the beneficiaries under a trust and exercises that power, does it cause a CGT event to occur?
In Short: A trustee's valid exercise of a power to change beneficiaries under a trust generally does not cause a Capital Gains Tax (CGT) event to occur, specifically CGT events E1 or E2, unless the change terminates the existing trust and creates a new one, or causes an asset to be held under a separate charter of obligations.
Relevant Legislation: Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cth), s 104-5 — provides a summary of CGT events, including E1, E2, E5, E6, E7, E8, and A1.
Relevant Case Law and Ruling: TR 2018/6 — confirms that amending a trust's vesting date through a valid exercise of power in a trust deed or court approval does not trigger CGT event E1.
CGT Events E1 and E2: A change in the terms of a trust, including the addition or exclusion of beneficiaries, pursuant to a valid exercise of a power in the trust deed, will generally not cause CGT event E1 or E2 to happen.
CGT Event E5: CGT event E5 occurs if a beneficiary becomes absolutely entitled to a CGT asset of a trust as against the trustee. For a beneficiary to be absolutely entitled, they must have a vested and indefeasible interest in the entire trust asset and the right to call for its transfer.
CGT Events E6 and E7: CGT event E6 happens if a trustee disposes of a CGT asset to a beneficiary in satisfaction of an income right, and E7 happens for a capital right.
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Finding the right tax statute section is one of the hardest parts of tax research. The ITAA 1997 alone has over 1,000 sections; the ITAA 1936 still has important provisions that were never relocated; GST sits in its own Act; FBT has its own Act. Cyter Tax makes the entire statutory landscape searchable by concept, returning the exact section and subsection you need.
Most tax questions ultimately come down to a specific section. "Is this deductible?" is section 8-1 plus specific deduction provisions. "Is this a capital gain?" is the relevant CGT event in Division 104. "Does Division 7A apply?" is sections 109C to 109E, plus the complying-loan rules in 109N. Getting to the right section quickly is the whole research task for many questions.
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